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Architect: the trade
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 • History of the trade of architect in our Western companies The trade of architect is a liberal discipline (related with arts and sciences that with the manual and artisanal practices of the trades of the building), is rather new in occident. It dates from the Rebirth. In the majority of the companies former to the Rebirth, there were already “architects”, more precisely called Master-mason or master carpenter.
They cumulated the tasks of those which one calls today the architects, the engineers and the contractors, but one especially asked them to deal with the technical side of masterly constructions (public or private buildings of prestige).
The masonries were built by their occupants starting from diagrams which the centuries made it possible to develop by experimentation without that not requiring a specialist. One calls this process construction according to types' or more simply the vernacular one.
• The work of the architect and how does it work T? Its action leaves in general an order, result of a contest or even of its relational, to more often see, mouth with ear. It will outline a project of architecture.
What imposes more constraints to him than in the two above mentioned activities. It must think the building and its environment in there integral of the preset functions, while taking care to enter a predefined budget, by respecting the local legislations in term of safety, jurisdiction, structures and adapting and implementation of construction to the ground generally chosen by the sleeping partner.
The architect always follows the wishes of the sleeping partner while bringing there his sensitivities, his competences and of the solutions not envisaged, but adding functionalities of “improved standard of living”. Sometimes thus, it makes show through in its creations its vision of the company and its time, differently known as, which it feels as being necessary new for the company.
Thus, it often integrates its projects in a highly total vision: constraints socio-economic, temporal, aesthetic, structural, functional,… It is thus strongly implied in town planning, disciplines held either to the town planners but for any concerned architect of the balance of the districts.
Many other disciplines are attached to that of the architect (town planning, landscape, geography, ecology, political sciences, inter alia), and often make the subject of specializations (DEA, DESS, MASTER, DOCTORATE, or center of formation pro.).
One has thus, like the town-planner, of the architect-landscape designers, of the engineer-architects architect-designers, architect-écologue. See town planning, paysagism, industrial design, knowing that these specialists will treat more the legal and normative part, and not the graphic part of the project.
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The architect realizes according to a definite “mission”. This one includes/understands whole or part of the 3 following successive phases. the design includes/understands the general creation of the building: form, provision, constructive principle.
It results in data-processing drawings, models or models. the development which includes/understands the technical studies (provision of the elevators, the heating, etc…).
It is frequently carried out with the assistance of engineers specialized in a precise field, the architect playing in this case the part of “leader.” It results in technical nomenclatures (indicated “descriptions”) and technical plans which are very precise drawings. direction of the execution.
The architect organizes an invitation to tender to allow the companies work to establish estimates corespondants with the work as envisaged by the descriptions and the plans. The selected customer the companies directors and signs a contract with each one of them.
Lastly, the architect will direct the building site and will coordinate the intervention of the companies directors so that the built building answer waitings of the customer. Alternative: the architect builder. This one makes the technical design and studies like above.
On the other hand it ensures in more the total responsibility (turn-key) for the realization of the building while being the single interlocutor for the customer to whom it guarantees - under his responsibility - the final price, the completion date and the satisfaction of the needs. For its customer it is thus “Contracting general” i.e. design + studies + work
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 • The architect in france
• Organisation
Work in agency is distributed between two teams: the project team and the building site team. The work of these two teams is complementary: if the project team deals with the phase of design, the building site team is responsible for the phase of realization.
In more technical terms, the project team deals with all the design of the building, of the first drafts until the deposit of the permit building with the town hall. She takes then charges the production of it of the drawings, the plans of execution and the final description.
The missions of the building site team are quite different: person in charge for the good walk of the invitation to tender, it deals with the negotiations with the various professionals of the building called to intervene on the construction and the control of the field work. This last obligation is enormous.
Each possibility must be thought and studied. Thus, if the building site is delayed because of a problem which had not been imagined, the customer will be able to be turned over against the architect. Will know that the civil liability for the architect is very heavy.
On a building already built, the architect is responsible for one period ten years. The tariff of the architects is fixed by the National Council about the Architects to which any architect must be registered, the various cabinets of architects are thus not in competition compared to their wages.
Moreover, there is a Code of ethics of the Architects in France which indicates to article 18 that: The architects are held to maintain between them the bonds confraternels, they owe moral assistance and councils mutually. Competition between fellow-members should be based only on the competence and the services offered to the customers. On the other hand, there is many contests giving the possibility to gaining to build a building. But architecture being an art, the goal is to defend a project and often does not put competition places from there between the various cabinets which do not know the other participants.
Indeed, the work of the architects leaves in general an order, result of a contest or even of its relational, to more often see, mouth with ear. Private individuals or companies exposes their projects of installations or constructions to the agency which develops them and proposes to the customers their project in the form of plans or of outlines of the monument. Following that, the agency and the customer agree on an ideal final building, a procedure of permit building is launched and work starts.
• The Personnel
The agency perhaps made up of several employees. They have the various trainings of architect, of computer graphics expert, model maker. The company seeks to currently engage because it has much work because the requests flow that will thus allow to reduce their work and to allow to soften the schedules. It looks before all competences of the people and not their level of studies.
The agency is installed in a building divided into two stages: one administrative and the other where the offices are installed where take form the projects. The various architects of the agency works in team.
After a feasibility study of the project, the assistant draws on computer the plans of the project. Following that, After validation of the customer, the architect consults as many people receiving benefits as its project requires it: companies of electricity, masonry, thermal installations, painting, concrete…
He deposits in same time a permit building with the building authority of State. Project superintendent, follows each stage of construction, carrying out reports written to the customer progressively with the advance of the building site.
The agency is assisted by an economist, of a fluid engineer, an engineer of structure and an assistant of control of work
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Architect: the trade
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