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joiner : the trade
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 The carpenter is a specialist in the wood works intended for installation interior and external of the particular residences and collective housing units.
With the difference of the carpenter, it creates primarily small parts and does not take part in the realization of the framework of construction.
And if the carpenter carries out utility pieces of furniture, unlike the cabinetmaker, it carries them out without ornament or plating.
Work is varied, interesting and this trade is not dirtying, the carpenter is also a creator for furniture….
It was required at the time of our kings, to create chairs, benches or sometimes of specific furniture… Let us recall that the corporation of the carpenters evolved/moved according to the techniques and of specializations.
The word Menuisier appears, for the first time in 1382, in the statutes règlementant the occupation of Huchier-Carpenter.
This ordinance institutes the realization of a masterpiece to reach the statute of Master.
At that time, the huchiers-carpenters belong to the corporation of the carpenters, which has two bodies:
• Joiners with large knocked - in connection with knocked the axe.
• Joiners with small knocked - who is the huchiers-carpenters - called thus because these craftsmen reduced wood while making them thinner and manufactured small objects. At the end of XVe century, Jacques d' Estouville, prévot of Paris, use the word Menuisier alone.
He is reserved for those which make profession manufacture pieces of furniture and installations interior of houses.
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At the end of XVIe century, separation will be done between the carpenters out of building (doors, skirting, parquet floors) and the carpenters in pieces of furniture.
At the XVIIe century, with the discovery of the new worlds, and the importation of wood “exotics” appears to a new trade “Ebony Carpenter”, recognized statute, in 1743, by Colbert under the term of cabinetmaker.
At the XVIIIe century, the carpenter in seats is the craftsman who manufactures carcasses or barrels of seats, but also of the elements of furniture for which its knowledge of timber sawn and the descriptive geometry is necessary: such as screens of fire, consoles, flares.
The carpenter is a man of his time which knew to adapt its activity to modern times and new materials.
Even if the tradition did not completely disappear and if wood remains its principal working tool, it sometimes happens to him to carry out aluminium or plastic works.
Its field of activity widened: the realization of doors, windows, wall cupboards, staircases, shutters and parquet floors always forms integral part of its functions.
However, today, it is more and more often requested for work of insulation, sound-proofing, sealing or for the decoration of buildings.
This new face of the carpenter obliges it to cumulate several arts. Some rudiments in masonry will allow him, for example, to pose shutters without the intermediary of a mason.
Another aspect of the trade: today, the companies of joinery propose the exterior wood finishings “turn-key” A few years ago still, the installation of a window for example required two speakers: the carpenter for the exterior wood finishing and the glazier miroitier for the installation of the pane.
From now on, the carpenters assemble the two parts and thus their installation by the same man.
This new range of proposal “turn-key” was disastrous for the profession of glass.
It marked the decline of the glaziers miroitiers and at best their reconversion in joinery.
The carpenter intervenes with three recoveries on the building site. First once to carry out the exterior wood finishings (windows and formwork of the travelling shutters), second once to assemble work of interior wood finishings (framings of the door frames of the doors before the partitions) and finally, third once in end of the building site.
It returns then after the passage of the painter to pose the shoring up of the doors. Less physical than the majority of the trades of the BTP, this trade is exerted as a large majority in workshop and interior on the building sites.
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 If the carpenter were engaged to carry out a piece of furniture, it, initially, will study the plans provided by the draughtsman or the customer, and will choose wood.
All the parameters are taken into account with the customer: color and perenniality of wood, adaptability of wood to its new place of residence.
After decidehaving decided for the type of coating, true manual work will begin. Using the plans, it cuts out the various parts.
This work of cutting is carried out today thanks to modern machines with numerical control, which facilitates the task considerably to him.
Once the various cut out, and reorganized parts if necessary, the carpenter will carry out the assembly of the piece of furniture by assembling all these parts.
He will go then on the building site to ensure the final assembly of the piece of furniture on the spot.
Interested (E) by a formation in the trades of town planning, architecture and the BTP? a school, the Center Gustave Eiffel in Paris. Some tools used by the carpenter
• The plane: tool of the menuisierde tracing: regulate graduated or not, square, bevel-square, square with angle, marking gauge, graph plotter, outside caliper, marking compasses and pencil or point
• Tools for sawing: various saws (with tenons, to jig-saw, counter, with ankle
• Tools for cutting: planes (plane and of different profile, jointers, graters, scissors, plane, adze
• Tools assembly: vices, servants, boxes with cut or mitres, presses with plane, presses with plating, maidservants
• Tools for drilling: drills, crankshafts, wicks, boring bits, drills, gimlets, characters
• Tools for striking: hammers, mallets, two-handed hammers
• Tools for completion: planes, scrapers, rifflers, trabiscots,
• Various Tools: clippers, heating sticks, avoyor with saw, screwdriver, Ensignement, there exist several diplomas:
• the CAPE Joinery of building, Joinery of building and fitting, Joinery of fitting
• the BEP Drink and associated materials
• The professional Patent Joinery of building and fitting,
• The Vat professionel
• The Patent of Control Joinery of building and fitting, Joinery
• the BTS constructive Systèmes drink and habitat, technical-commercial: option drink and derived
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joiner : the trade
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