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Stone mason
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 At the Average Age, the same corporation included/understood the masons, the masons stone, the plasterers and the morteliers, all and sundry were under the monitoring of the master mason who directed the construction of the king, which built our palates, our cathedrals or our town halls.
In this time, the terms “ mason ” and “ stone mason ” had a direction more tended than nowadays, the term of mason frequently appointed the architect, and the stone mason was often a sculptor, sometimes also a contractor.
The trade appears as soon as the man wishes to build buildings imposing and designed to last (temples, fortifications,…) thus as of ancient Egypt and in Greek and Roman Antiquity.
Then, with the wire of the centuries, the trade continues without interruption, sometimes preserving the same techniques and tools (certain types of tools used by the current stone masons did not change into 2000 years).
Stone construction of size then touches all the fields of architecture: church, cathedral, castles, bridge, quay, etc
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Stone construction falls in disuse starting from the years 1930, date on which reinforced concrete (invented in 1900) and steel start massively to be used.
Henceforth, the stone masons, which were “ builders ”, concentrate then on the restoration of the existing stone buildings.
The stone exposed to the bad weather has one limited lifespan.
When the material is faded, it is necessary to completely replace it by an equivalent stone of nature and form.
Today, the essence of the work of the stone masons consists of the restoration of monuments, histories or not, stone construction of massive size being rather rare In 1287, main Étienne de Bonneuil, stone mason, sign a contract with ten workmen to take them along with him to build the cathedral of Upsal in Sweden.
There was on the building sites of construction, masons, masons stone for the construction of the cathedral of Chartres.
According to a curious account of the construction of one of the large Parisian colleges in XIVe century, the college of Beauvais, the masons claimed the day of Lent, like compensation for an uninterrupted work since several months, a “courtesy, namely the flesh of a sheep to be eaten together”.
The day of the Rise, one did better still; one joins together in a large banquet all the building site, Masters, companions and apprentices, one invited the parents with their children to it: the stock-brokers of the college also assisted to with it, and finally the director of the company, the large architect, Raymon of the Temple, honoured the banquet with its presence, “ with his wife and several other people ”.
The word mason still indicates for those which are not trade a great number of different workers.
One counts among them up to twenty distinct categories, among which one preferably notices the limonsinans, which build the walls out of hardcores or grinding, the bricklayers, which make the chimneys, the cement-manufacturers, which employ only the concrete, masons themselves work only the shepherd, ones make only the mouldings, others prepare the ceilings.
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 The workmen placed along a scale, the back turned at the levels, to do bricks the ones to the others since bottom until top without construction, in fact today winches hoist all materials, that one can pile up in greater quantity on scaffolding more firmly built.
One now brings to the building in construction the stones of size all ready to be posed with their place without hesitations:
also one does not see any more these building sites which encroached on the street and obstructed circulation, our ears are not tortured any more by the squeaking of the saw of the stone masons.
The result, it is that one builds our time much more quickly than formerly Parisian houses.
Tools of size used, adapted according to the type of stone.
Scissors, gradine, two-handed hammer with conical trunk, edge, hammer, bush-hammer, railroad (plane with stone), rapes, saws The tools of the installation used are the materials of lifting and displacement of the stones of size.
They are the same ones as those used by the mason for which it is necessary to add balls of rolling and grip of installation.
The trade-guild related to the trades, it probably originates in the great building work of antiquity.
Those required the logistic and technical organization building sites and the use of workmen itinerant or imported with the armies, in other words: since the first civilizations sumérienne, Babylonian, Egyptian.
It is certain that the first manufacturers, masons, masons stone and carpenters, at the origin of the Trade-guild, were used of the curved compasses and other instruments to measure and traçer and arcs of circles.
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Stone mason
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